The European Union’s fraud prosecutor was wrongly removed from her previous job as head of Romania’s anti-corruption agency, the European Court of Human Rights said on Tuesday in a landmark ruling against political interference. A woman holds up a sign that reads ‘ government without corruption’ during a demonstration of thousands of Romanians against their government in Bucharest.

Europe’s highest court said Laura Codruta Kovesi’s dismissal in 2018 had “defeated the very purpose of maintaining judicial independence” and must have had “a chilling effect” on the ability of magistrates to engage in public debate on legislative reforms.

During Kovesi’s five years at its helm, the anti-corruption agency secured convictions of mayors, lawmakers and ministers across party lines, exposing conflicts of interest and abuse of power in one of the EU’s most corrupt states.

Her removal was the culmination of moves by the then Social Democrat government to change judicial legislation and replace chief prosecutors which led to massive street protests and alarmed the European Commission, the European Union’s executive.

“We all know my dismissal was part of a campaign to intimidate the judicial system, in an attempt to discourage the fight against corruption,” Kovesi told Reuters in a statement.

“This court ruling consolidates the status of all European magistrates and protects them from discretionary political interference from other (state) powers at a time when the independence of those investigating corruption or other serious crimes is under question in several places and in several ways.”

President Klaus Iohannis was forced to dismiss Kovesi on the order of former justice minister Tudorel Toader, backed by a Constitutional Court ruling that set a precedent over how chief prosecutors can be removed.

Toader had accused Kovesi of overstepping her powers by criticising the government’s changes to judicial legislation.

“One of her duties as anti-corruption chief prosecutor had been to express her opinion on legislative reforms which could have an impact on the judiciary and its independence, and on the fight against corruption,” the Court said.

“It appeared that her premature removal had defeated the very purpose of maintaining judicial independence and must have had a chilling effect on her and other prosecutors and judges in taking part in public debate on legislative reforms affecting the judiciary and judicial independence.”

Kovesi, who was appointed the EU’s first fraud prosecutor last year, had challenged her dismissal at the Luxembourg-based European court, saying she wanted to send a message of support to prosecutors facing political harassment.

Transparency International ranks Romania, a former communist state, as one of the EU’s most corrupt member states and Brussels has kept its justice system under special monitoring since it joined the bloc in 2007.